USO POTENCIAL DA ASHWAGANDHA (WITHANIA SOMNIFERA) NA PRÁTICA DESPORTIVA
Resumen
Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) é uma erva empregada na medicina Ayurveda. A presente revisão buscou examinar os possíveis efeitos do consumo de ashwagandha na prática desportiva. Para tanto, artigos foram coletados usando as palavras-chave "Ashwagandha" associada a "Fitoconstituintes", "Formulação ayurvédica”, “esportes”, “Patentes”. As seguintes fontes foram pesquisadas para a coleta de dados: Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, Wiley On-line Library, Taylor e Francis, Springer. Foram selecionados artigos de língua Inglesa e Portuguesa, publicados nos últimos 10 anos e como critério de inclusão foram escolhidos os que abordavam ensaios clínicos e revisões sobre o uso de ashwagandha na prática esportiva. Os dados aqui apresentados indicam que o uso de ashwagandha aumentou na última década como uma alternativa de melhoria do metabolismo na prática médica e desportiva. Numerosos estudos demonstraram os vários efeitos farmacológicos que a planta e suas partes têm nos parâmetros do esperma, hormônios sexuais, metabolismo oxidativo, estado mental, etc. Nesta revisão enfocou-se também os mecanismos moleculares de ação, para se ter um melhor entendimento de como ashwagandha exerce seus efeitos. Conclusão: a suplementação de ashwagandha está associada a aumentos significativos na massa muscular, rendimento aeróbico e força muscular e sugere que a suplementação pode ser útil em conjunto com um programa de treinamento físico planejado.
Palavras-chave: Ervas Adaptógenas. Ashwagandha. Músculo. Massa muscular. Força Muscular.
Descargas
Citas
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
Ãakici N, van Beveren NJM, Judge-Hundal G, Koola MM, Sommer IEC. An update on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents for patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2019 Oct;49(14):2307-2319.
Abascal K, Yarnell E. Increasing vitality with adaptogens: multifaceted herbs for treating physical and mental stress. Altern Complement Ther. 2003;9:54–60.
Ambiye V.R. Langade D. Dongre S. Aptikar P. Kulkarni M. Dongre A. Clinical evaluation of the spermatogenic activity of the root extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in oligospermic males: a pilot study.Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2013; 2013: 571420
Auddy, Biswajit et al. A Standardized. Withania Somnifera Extract Significantly Reduces Stress-Related Parameters in Chronically Stressed Humans: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. (2008). JANA 11(1):50-56
Ahmed W, Mofed D, Zekri AR, El-Sayed N, Rahouma M, Sabet S. Antioxidant activity and apoptotic induction as mechanisms of action of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) against a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. J Int Med Res. 2018 Apr;46(4):1358-1369.
Anju TR, Smijin S, Jobin M, Paulose CS. Altered muscarinic receptor expression in the cerebral cortex of epileptic rats: restorative role of Withania somnifera. Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Aug;96(4):433-440.
Bonilla DA, Moreno Y, Gho C, Petro JL, Odriozola-MartÃnez A, Kreider RB. Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Physical Performance: Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021 Feb 11;6(1):20.
Braun L, Cohen M. Herbs and Natural Supplements, Volume 1: An Evidence-Based Guide. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015
Chandrasekhar K, Kapoor J, Anishetty S. A prospective, randomized double- blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian J Psychol Med. 2012 Jul;34(3):255-62.
Chatterjee S., Srivastava S., Khalid A., Singh N., Sangwan R.S., Sidhu O.P., Roy R., Khetrapal C.L., Tuli R. Comprehensive metabolic fingerprinting of Withania somnifera leaf and root extracts. Phytochemistry. 2010; 71: 1085-1094
Choudhary D, Bhattacharyya S, Bose S. Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive Functions. J Diet Suppl. 2017 Nov 2;14(6):599-612.
Chukwuma C.I., Matsabisa M.G., Ibrahim M.A., Erukainure O.L., Chabalala M.H., Islam M.S. Medicinal plants with concomitant anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects as potential sources of dual acting therapies against diabetes and hypertension: A review. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2019;235:329–360.
Dar NJ, Hamid A, Ahmad M. Pharmacologic overview of Withania somnifera, the Indian Ginseng. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Dec;72(23):4445-60.
Dar N.J. Bhat J.A. Satti N.K. Sharma P.R. Hamid A. Ahmad M. Withanone, an active constituent from Withania somnifera, affords protection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in neuron-like cells. Mol. Neurobiol. 2016;
Dar PA, Singh LR, Kamal MA, Dar TA. Unique Medicinal Properties of Withania somnifera: Phytochemical Constituents and Protein Component. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(5):535-40.
Deshpande A, Irani N, Balkrishnan R, Benny IR. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep quality in healthy adults. Sleep Med. 2020 Aug;72:28-36. Devkar S.T. Kandhare A.D. Sloley B.D. Jagtap S.D. Lin J. Tam Y.K. Katyare S.S. Bodhankar S.L. Hegde M.V. Evaluation of the bioavailability of major withanolides of Withania somnifera using an in vitro absorption model system. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res. 2015; 6: 159-164.
Devkar Santosh T, Kandhare Amit D, Sloley Brian D, Jagtap Suresh D, Lin James, Tam Yun K, Katyare Surendra S, Bodhankar Subhash L, Hegde Mahabaleshwar V. Evaluation of the bioavailability of major withanolides of Withania somnifera using an in vitro absorption model system. 2015. Volume: 6. Issue Number: 4.Page: 159-164.
Hassannia B, Logie E, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Vanden Berghe W. Withaferin A: From ayurvedic folk medicine to preclinical anti-cancer drug. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Mar;173:113602.
Kaur G, Singh N, Samuel SS, Bora HK, Sharma S, Pachauri SD, Dwivedi AK, Siddiqui HH, Hanif K. Withania somnifera shows a protective effect in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Pharm Biol. 2015 Jan;53(1):147-57.
Khan MA, Ahmed RS, Chandra N, Arora VK, Ali A. In vivo, Extract from Withania somnifera Root Ameliorates Arthritis via Regulation of Key Immune. Mediators of Inflammation in Experimental Model of Arthritis. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 2019;18(1):55-70.
Kuboyama T, Tohda C, Komatsu K. Effects of Ashwagandha (roots of Withania somnifera) on neurodegenerative diseases. Biol Pharm Bull. 2014;37(6):892-7.
Kulkarni S.K. Dhir A.Withania somnifera: an Indian Ginseng.Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol Biol. Psychiatry. 2008; 32: 1093-1105.
Kumar N, Shala, AY, Khurana, SMP. "Antiviral and immuno-boosting potential of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera l.)." Med. Plants–Int J. Phytomed. Relat. Ind. 13.2 (2021): 237-244.
Lavie D. Glotter E. Shvo Y. Constituents of Withania somifera Dun III. The side chain of Withaferin A. J. Org. Chem. 1965; 30: 1774-1778.
Li, W.; Zhang, C.; Du, H.; Huang, V.; Sun, B.; Harris, J.P.; Richardson, Q.; Shen, X.; Jin, R.; Li, G.; et al. Withaferin A suppresses the up-regulation of acetyl-coA carboxylase 1 and skin tumor formation in a skin carcinogenesis mouse model. Mol. Carcinog. 2016, 55, 1739–1746.
Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Malvi H, Kodgule R. An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (2019) Medicine. 98(37)
Mirjalili M.H. Moyano E. Bonfill M. Cusido R.M. Palazon J. Steroidal lactones from Withania somnifera, an ancient plant for Novel medicine. Molecules. 2009; 14: 2373-2393
Panossian A, Wikman G. Pharmacology of Schisandra chinensis Bail.: an overview of Russian research and uses in medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;118:183–212.
Patel S.B. Rao N.J. Hingorani L.L. Safety assessment of Withania somnifera extract standardized for Withaferin A: acute and sub-acute toxicity study. J. Ayurveda Integr. Med. 2016; 7: 30-37
Perez-Gimez J, Villafaina S, Adsuar JC, Merellano-Navarro E, Collado-Mateo D. Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on VO 2max: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020 Apr 17;12(4):1119.
Prabu P.C. Panchapakesan S. Raj C.D. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment of the hydroalcoholic extract of Withania somnifera roots in Wistar rats.Phytother. Res. 2013; 27: 1169-1178
Pradhan R, Kumar R, Shekhar S, Rai N, Ambashtha A, Banerjee J, Pathak M, Dwivedi SN, Dey S, Dey AB. Longevity and healthy ageing genes FOXO3A and SIRT3: Serum protein marker and new road map to burst oxidative stress by Withania somnifera. Exp Gerontol. 2017 Sep;95:9-15.
Ramakanth GS, Uday Kumar C, Kishan PV, Usharani P. A randomized, double blind placebo controlled study of efficacy and tolerability of Withaina somnifera extracts in knee joint pain. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2016 Jul-
Sep;7(3):151-157.
Sengupta P, Agarwal A, Pogrebetskaya M, Roychoudhury S, Durairajanayagam D, Henkel R. Role of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in the management of male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online. 2018 Mar;36(3):311-326. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.11.007. Epub 2017 Dec 7.
Sharma AK, Basu I, Singh S. Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Mar;24(3):243-248.
Shweta Shenoy, Udesh Chaskar, Jaspal S. Sandhu, Madan Mohan Paadhi. Effects of eight-week supplementation of Ashwagandha on cardiorespiratory endurance in elite Indian cyclists. (2012) J Ayurveda Integr Med. 3(4): 209–214.
Singh A, Naidu PS, Gupta S, Kulkarni SK. Effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants in a mouse model of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Med Food. 2002 Winter;5(4):211-20.
Sun GY, Li R, Cui J, Hannink M, Gu Z, Fritsche KL, Lubahn DB, Simonyi A. Withania somnifera and Its Withanolides Attenuate Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses and Up-Regulate Antioxidant Responses in BV-2 Microglial Cells. Neuromolecular Med. 2016 Sep;18(3):241-52.
Tandon N, Yadav SS. Safety and clinical effectiveness of Withania Somnifera (Linn.) Dunal root in human ailments. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Jun 12;255:112768.
Tiwari S, Gupta SK, Pathak AK. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera dunal.) root extract in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and recovery in healthy athletic adults. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 May 23;272:113929.
Tripathi N, Shrivastava D, Ahmad Mir B, Kumar S, Govil S, Vahedi M, Bisen PS. Metabolomic and biotechnological approaches to determine therapeutic potential of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: A review. Phytomedicine. 2018 Nov 15;50:127-136.
Wankhede S, Langade D, Joshi K, Sinha SR, Bhattacharyya S. Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015 Nov 25;12:43.
Yenisetti SC, Manjunath MJ, Muralidhara C. Neuropharmacological Properties of Withania somnifera - Indian Ginseng: An Overview on Experimental Evidence with Emphasis on Clinical Trials and Patents. Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov. 2016;10(2):204-215.
Zahiruddin S, Basist P, Parveen A, Parveen R, Khan W, Gaurav, Ahmad S. Ashwagandha in brain disorders: A review of recent developments. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Jul 15;257:112876.
Ziegenfuss TN, Kedia AW, Sandrock JE, Raub BJ, Kerksick CM, Lopez HL. Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Withania somnifera on Strength Training Adaptations and Recovery: The STAR Trial. Nutrients. 2018 Nov 20;10(11):1807.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Revista Científica UMC
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
A submissão de originais para a Revista Científica da UMC implica na transferência, pelos autores, dos direitos de publicação digital. Os direitos autorais referentes aos textos publicados são do autor, com direitos deste periódico sobre a primeira publicação.
Os autores somente podem utilizar os mesmos textos em outras publicações desde que indiquem claramente a Revista Científica da UMC como o meio de publicação original.
Uma vez que esta é um periódico de acesso aberto, é permitido o uso gratuito dos gêneros aqui publicados em aplicações educacionais, científicas, não comerciais, desde que citada a fonte.
Obs.: Veja a licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional no seguinte link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.pt_BR
